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article

05 February 2024

By: INRAE

INRAE researchers competition: two positions open at GABI

Would you like to use your motivation and skills to answer ambitious research questions in animal genetics? Then join us!
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article

25 January 2024

By: PH

Understanding pig embryo development: an asset for breeding tomorrow's animals

In a study published in Genomics, scientists from the UMR Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - GABI (INRAE/AgroParisTech/UPSaclay, Jouy-en-Josas) have characterized the transcriptome of 35,000 embryonic cells derived from pig embryos between 5 and 11 days after fertilization. They were able to identify new sub-populations of embryonic cells, both for the secretion of molecules required for implantation, such as those expressing interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), and a population of stem cells expressing LRP2, which will subsequently contribute to the development of the embryonic placenta.
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@INRAE
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15 December 2023

By: INRAE

Evaluating functional longevity in dairy cows

Among the traits selected for dairy cows, functional longevity - i.e. the cumulative length of time a cow produces milk - occupies a special place: it reflects her contribution to the profitability of the herd, as well as her well-being. Of course, this is only known at the end of a cow's career. But longevity can be partially predicted from the traits that impact it, such as fertility or mammal health and morphology.
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INRAE race bovine Charolaise
article

08 December 2023

By: INRAE

International collaboration identifies new genes influencing beef production

Beef currently accounts for 21% of the world's meat consumption, ranking third after poultry and pork. It therefore plays a crucial role in the global food system, with great economic and cultural importance in many countries. However, its production has a high environmental impact, mainly due to greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. To reconcile the growing demand for meat with the need to reduce its ecological footprint, it is imperative to adopt more sustainable practices.
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article

08 December 2023

By: INRAE

M2 PRIAM: a joint INRAE-AgroParisTech dynamic

Researchers and teacher-researchers from the GABI unit run the Master 2 Predictive and Integrative Animal Biology (PRIAM) program. Over the next few years, their ambition is to make the necessary thematic adaptations to ensure that the training offered remains as close as possible to the expectations and challenges of animal genetics research and its applications in the context of the agroecological transition of livestock farming and adaptation to climate change.
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@INRAE C. Maitre
article

01 December 2023

By: PH

A new method for detecting and quantifying the transgenerational transmission of environmental effects to help animals adapt to tomorrow's farming conditions

In a study published in Genetic Selection Evolution, researchers from the BIGE team (Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - GABI, INRAE/AgroParisTech/UPSaclay, Jouy-en-Josas) have proposed a new model identifying the transmission of environmental effects based on the analysis of phenotypes and pedigrees.
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GABI: Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit
article

17 November 2023

By: INRAE - Edition P. Huan

Creation of the Pangenome Bovin Consortium

The construction of a single reference genomic sequence for each species has made a major contribution to the analysis of the genome, its diversity and its functioning. But it gives an incomplete representation of the diversity of genomes within a species. By making it possible to produce longer sequence fragments, new sequencing technologies will enable us to go even further in our knowledge of the genomes of each species. INRAE researchers are taking part in the "Bovine Pangenome Consortium", a large-scale international collaboration whose aim is to produce a pangenome, i.e. a large set of high-quality, interconnected genomes, making it possible to describe the full genomic diversity of the species. The consortium's full objectives are described in an article published in the journal Genome Biology.
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article

17 November 2023

By: J. Jourdain - Edition P. Huan

An article published by UMR GABI researchers was featured on the cover of the scientific journal Genome Research.

Published ahead of schedule on July 6, an article co-authored by researchers from UMR GABI, Eliance, UMR GenPhySE, Genotoul and Idele on the detection and characterization of interchromosomal rearrangements in cattle has had the honor of illustrating the cover of the issue of the scientific journal Genome Research in which it was published. The journal's editors decided to accept Jeanlin Jourdain's proposal!
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@Pixabay
article

05 October 2023

By: INRAE - Edition P. Huan

Equine research: INRAE and LABÉO strengthen their partnership

On July 13, the LABEO Frank Duncombe Laboratory and INRAE in Caen signed a framework partnership agreement for research on equine genetics and health, and more generally on animal health and the environment. The Integrative Biology and Equine Genetics team (UMR GABI, INRAE Jouy) will develop its research projects within this framework, notably on equine influenza, genomic selection and "coup de sang" (myopathy) in racehorses. This collaboration will take on an international dimension from May 12 to 15, 2024, when the two laboratories will organize the 14th International Havemeyer Horse Genome Workshop, bringing together some 100 scientists at the Château de Caen.
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INRAE
article

05 October 2023

By: F. Le Provost - Edition P. Huan

Effect of inflammation on epigenetic marks and their persistence during successive lactations

The aim of this recently published work was to document the contribution of epigenetics to animal health and longevity.
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INRAE M. Dupont-Nivet
article

05 October 2023

By: Edition P. Huan

Genetic selection could help reduce trout farm mortality during heat waves

In a study published in Genetics Selection Evolution, scientists from the UMR de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative - GABI (INRAE/AgroParisTech/UPSaclay, Jouy-en-Josas) have described the genetic architecture of resistance to acute hyperthermia, i.e. the ability of fish to survive high temperatures. They have shown that 29% of performance variation in this trait is genetic in origin in a French commercial population, attesting to significant potential for genetic improvement. Genetic correlations of this trait with the main production traits - growth, % intramuscular fat and carcass yield - are close to zero. Selection for resistance to acute hyperthermia should therefore have no impact on these traits, and vice versa.
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INRAE - Luc Delaby
article

05 October 2023

By: INRAE - Edition P. Huan

When cattle chromosomes get tangled: detecting genetic defects to better prevent them

In cattle, like in all animals, genetic material is contained in pairs of chromosomes, each set of which is randomly distributed when gametes (spermatoza or ovocytes) are formed. During that process, genetic material from one chromosome sometimes gets shifted to another chromosome that is not part of the same pair, and this is known as interchromosomal rearrangement. Fertilisation with a gamete containing a one or more rearranged chromosomes will cause the embryo to have fewer or more genes than normal, which is, in most cases, fatal. For the first time, INRAE geneticists, in collaboration with colleagues from ELIANCE (French national livestock breeders federation), have conducted a population study (on 5571 insemination bulls) to quantify the frequency of such defects, their origins and the consequences they have on livestock. Their results, published in Genome Research, reveal that 1 bull in 450 may be a carrier of an interchromosomal rearrangement, whose consequences on the affected animals' health and fertility may cost the sector more than one million euros for each insemination sire that is a carrier. This study is based on the millions of genotyping data routinely generated for genomic evaluation of insemination bulls and their progeny (offspring). The approach used is the first step towards widespread screening for such chromosomal anomalies.
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article

05 October 2023

By: INRAE - Edition P. Huan

X chromosome genes influence dairy cow performance

In cattle, as in other mammals, the genome is made up of several pairs of homologous chromosomes or autosomes (present in 29 pairs in cows) and a pair of sex chromosomes, X and Y. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one copy of each of the X and Y chromosomes. Females have 2 copies of the X chromosome, while males have one copy of each X and Y chromosome. Although it contains a large number of genes, the X chromosome is often overlooked in genomic studies, as it is present in only one copy in males. A team of INRAE and Eliance researchers from the Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI) has assessed the role of the X chromosome and the genes it harbors on key traits for the sustainability of cattle breeding. Their work, published in the journal BMC Genomics, reveals the importance of the X chromosome in the genetic determination of traits, and identifies the genes probably responsible for its effects.
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INRAE B. Nicolas (Manipulation sous hotte aspirante)
article

05 October 2023

By: Edition P. Huan

A new functional assay for the analysis of splice variants in the bovine DGAT1 gene

The DGAT1 gene plays a major role in fat metabolism and triacylglyceride synthesis.
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GABI: Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit
article

14 September 2023

By: INRAE - Edition P. Huan

A new genetic lead to stem the spread of nodavirosis, the most widespread disease in sea bass farming

Teams from Ifremer and INRAE have just discovered two genes involved in resistance to nodavirosis, a disease that affects the brain of sea bass and causes major losses in Mediterranean fish farms. Following this discovery, published in the journal Genetics Selection Evolution, scientists and professionals from French sea bass hatcheries, which supply over 20% of the sea bass farmed in the Mediterranean (Italy, Greece, Turkey...), have launched a new project to select sea bass that are more resistant to this disease. This is a major challenge if we are to move towards more sustainable aquaculture.
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INRAE, Auteur Nicolas Bertrand (bassin de truites en pisciculture)
article

05 October 2023

By: Edition P. Huan

Phenotyping isogenic trout lines to elucidate mechanisms of resistance to bacterial infection

In a study published in Microbes & Infection, researchers from the Infection et Immunité des Poissons team (Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires - VIM unit, INRAE/UVSQ/UPSaclay, Jouy-en-Josas), in collaboration with INRAE's GABI and IERP units, have established a set of phenotypes linked to pathogenesis through the characterization of a collection of isogenic trout lines with contrasting resistance. Guided by the 3Rs principle, individual monitoring by non-lethal blood sampling has been applied for the first time in trout to monitor bacterial infection and host response; this approach makes it possible both to reduce the number of fish used and to increase the power of the experimental set-up.
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article

14 September 2023

By: INRAE - Edition P. Huan

Thesis offering "Genetic determinism of vaccine response and caecal microbiota composition in free-range chickens."

This thesis will contribute to the production of knowledge that will make it possible to support the change of practices, in particular in terms of integrated management of health and well-being in free-range poultry farms.
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@ Alicia Jacques
article

05 October 2023

By: A. Jacques - G. Restoux - Edition P. Huan

Reintroduction of genetic diversity in populations from frozen semen: The case of Abondance, a local French dairy cattle breed

Genetic diversity is the genetic variability between individuals in the same population or between populations. In the case of livestock, breeds are often equated with populations, and the diversity they contain is essential for their evolution and adaptation. However, breeding is about selecting the best individuals and therefore does not maintain the full diversity of animals. However, it is possible to freeze semen from bulls to preserve it and potentially use it later.
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GABI: Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit
article

14 September 2023

By: G. Restoux - Edition P. Huan

The local breeds of French hens: a resource to be conserved

The many local breeds of French chickens constitute an important reservoir of neutral and adaptive diversity. They are generally free-range and territory-associated, and thus potentially adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions, which can be useful for coping with global warming and making the agroecological transition.
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article

14 September 2023

By: INRAE - Edition P. Huan

Thesis offer "Hologenomic methods to account for host microbiota in genetic evaluations"

This project will contribute to establishing clear guidelines for the simulation of realistic hologenomic data, the construction of microbiota-based similarity matrices, and the optimal combination of genomic, microbiota, and multi-omics data in a wide variety of scenarios.
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article

05 October 2023

By: P. Huan, Translation W. Brand-Williams

Ekaterina Tomilina, a doctoral student at MaIAGE and GABI a finalist of the competition "My thesis in 180 seconds" at the University Paris-Saclay.

Her PhD project englobes a research project at the interface of different fields of study, since it is applied to a current biological question raised at INRAE concerning bull fertility. Her presentation was focused on copula methods for network inference of multi-omics regulation.
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